Lecture 4

Architecture for Iqtisad (Balance)

The essence of Islamic architecture is to achieve delicate balance between functional and spiritual elements. Harmony is created through the point of intersection where the stability of the soul is achieved which is beneficial to one. As the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W states,

"the best way is the middle way...do good deeds properly, sincerely and moderately...and always adopt a middle, moderate regular course whereby you will reachyour target (paradise)".

Balance is defined as a condition where different elements are equal or in the right proportions. In architecture, balance can be achieved by moderating balance between built and nature. The considerations of these two elements have a profound impact on architecture. Courtyards manage to accomplish balance to the building. At the aesthetics point of view, balance is achieved through ornamentations. Shapes and geometry in Islamic architecture is proportionate, order, and always harmony.

Lavatera Arborea: 3 folded leaves, 5 petal flower, heads of 8 seed

Golden ratio rule is applied in most of the Islamic architecture

Geometric ornaments

The Taj Mahal is one of the best example of Islamic Architecture that exemplifies the 

Architecture for Iqtisad

Architecture of Haya’ (Modesty)

Haya' is defined as the quality or state of being unassuming or moderate in the estimation of one's abilities. It is the preservation of dignity where it can be achieved in Islamic architecture by having it based around the central core and having an open court that not only serves an environmental purpose but also addresses the different roles and responsibilities of the sexes.

Looking at the Islamic architecture, the Mashrabiyya preserves the dignity of the Muslim women. It allows the right "to see" and not to "be seen". It is a type of projecting oriel window enclosed with carved wood lattice work located on the second storey of a building or perhaps higher. It is often lined with stained glass. The women inside the building are given the freedom to carry out their activities with a sense of privacy.

 

 Mashrabiyya from the outside

 Mashrabiyya from the inside 

Architecture as Dikr (Remembrance)

Islamic building should be an aid to remembrance of Allah. Building pillar upon pillar, arcade upon arcade is a rhythmic precision mirrored in the contemplative chanting of God’s innumerable attributes/zikr is known as Architecture of Monotony. It is a rhythmic precision mirrored in the contemplative chanting of God’s innumerable attributes. The manifestation of contemplation maintains a sense of unity through the rhythm which is seen as the eternal and infinite nature of God’s essence.

"lt has a portico of surpassing beauty...like the soul of a believer, immersed in the remembrance of God..."

In Islamic Architecture, it is encouraged to repeat elements just to remind people of God. As elements, are repeated, the reminder is repeated. The use of ornaments, pillars, arches, and many more is often repeated in Islamic Architecture. 

Inscription on the wall of the Alhambra, Granada, Spain

Repetitive elements (Alhambra, Granada, Spain)