Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. The most important building in the Islamic world is the mosque, followed by the royal palace. Mosques, as the centre of worship, were among the first buildings erected in the Islamic world. Invading armies did not require elaborate buildings in which to pray; as long as they knew the direction of Mecca in order to face it when praying, Muslims were then - and are still today - able to perform their prayer duties. The first mosques Muslims constructed, therefore, were simple squares. As the Islamic empire grew in size and power, mosques became larger and more elaborate. In the areas around the Mediterranean Sea, most mosques followed a so-called "open plan," with a courtyard in the centre, roofed arcades, and the first minarets - towers that extend vertically from the mosque.
Islamic architecture is
-Expression of faith
-Looking heavenwards
-Divine present/acknowledge of The Almighty Allah
-Conceive with Devotion
-Religious Conviction
-Place a premium on Reasons – the Feelings of God Magnificence does not Defy Rational
Explanation
Definition of Islamic Architecture:
Architecture inspired by The Glorious Allah
Architecture to realize the Pillars of Islam
Architecture as Pursuit of Knowledge
Architecture as Pursuit of Beauty
Architecture guided by Al Mighty Allah
Architecture according to Sharia’: Al-Quran, Al- Hadith & Ijtihad Ulama’
Prophet Muhammad S.A.W
Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 AD comes from the tribe of Qureish which was from the 40 clans lived in Mecca with varying status and wealth. Prophet Muhammad is known as Al Amin and was respected for his skill in trade and married a wealthy widow name Khadijah binti Khuwaylid. During the solitary vigils that he first heard God’s message, he Meditated in the hillside outside the city. The Qur'anic revelation begins in the Cave of Hira on the Jabaal an Nur the " Mountain of Light" near Mecca where Prophet Muhammad S.A.W is commissioned as the Messenger of ALLAH.
The Quran
Qu'ran is the very word of God Almighty: a complete record of the exact words revealed God. It is the principle source of every Muslim's faith and practice. It deals with all subjects that concernus as human beings,including wisdom, doctrine, worship and law. The Qu'ran is a guidance book, a criterion to distinguish right from wrong, lawful from unlawful and ritually pure from ritually impure.
Pillars of Islam
1. Shahadah
"There is none worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is the messenger of God." This declaration of faith is called the Shahadah, a simple formula that all the faithful pronounce. The significance of this declaration is the belief that the only purpose of life is to serve and obey God, and this is achieved through the teachings and practices of the Last Prophet, Muhammad.2.Salah
Salah is the name for the obligatory prayers that are performed five times a day, and are a direct link between the worshipper and God. There is no hierarchical authority in Islam and there are no priests. Prayers are led by a learned person who knows the Qur'an and is generally chosen by the congregation.
3. Zakah
An important principle of Islam is that everything belongs to God, and that wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust. The word zakah means both "purification" and "growth." Our possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need and for the society in general. Like the pruning of plants, this cutting back balances and encourages new growth.
4. Hajj
The pilgrimage to Makkah (the hajj) is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to do so. Nevertheless, over two million people go to Makkah each year from every corner of the globe providing a unique opportunity for those of different nations to meet one another.
5. Sawmi Ramadhan
Every year in the month of Ramadhan, all Muslims fast from dawn until sundown--abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations with their spouses. By cutting oneself from worldly comforts, even for a short time, a fasting person focuses on his or her purpose in life by constantly being aware of the presence of God.
Concept of Islamic Religion
Concept: Islam as Ad-Din
In Arabic, Islam means total surrender, total submission to the will of God of God-essence of the religion.
Way of Life:
Interpret beliefs in every aspects of your being existence: physical, mental (thought & emotion), and spiritual. The 3 components are Belief (Faith), Ibadah (Religious Obligations), Ihsan/Ethics (Righteous Doing) -Physical, Spiritual &Mentally.
The Principles of Islamic Architecture
1. Architecture as Tawhid: Unity & Uniquity of Allah)
2. Architecture of Ihtiram: Respect
3. Architecture with Ikhlas: Sincerity
4. Architecture as Pursuit of ‘Ilm: Knowledge
5. Architecture for Iqtisad: Balance
6. Architecture of Haya’: Modesty
7. Architecture as Dikr: Remembrance
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